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3.3 h. Fe/Mg partitioning between (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O3 perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O inclusions in diamond (C.A. McCammon, in collaboration with T. Stachel/Frankfurt and J. Harris/ Glasgow)

Partitioning of Fe and Mg between the lower mantle phases (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O3 perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase has been an ongoing topic of research at Bayerisches Geoinstitut, particularly focusing on the determination of separate partition coefficients for Fe2+ and Fe3+ using either Mössbauer spectroscopy or Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS). To complement the work being conducted on synthetic samples (see previous article in this Annual Report), a number of natural samples have been studied. These are available as inclusions in diamond, and provide the only means of studying rela­tively unaltered material from deeper regions of the Earth. The first Mössbauer study on inclusions from the lower mantle was conducted on diamonds from São Luiz, Brazil, and showed that Fe3+ is strongly partitioned into the perovskite phase, while Fe2+ is strongly partitioned into (Mg,Fe)O (see Annual Report 1998). To extend this work to other samples from the lower mantle, we studied a suite of inclusions in diamond from Kankan, Guinea.

Mössbauer spectra of one (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O3 and nine (Mg,Fe)O inclusions from Kankan diamonds were col­lected at room temperature using the milliprobe technique. Results for (Mg,Fe)O show relatively low Fe3+/Fe, while the (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O3 inclusion, inferred to have originated from a perovskite phase, shows significantly higher Fe3+/Fe, consistent with the experimentally-derived relation between Fe3+/Fe and Al concentration in silicate perovskite (see Annual Report 1997).

Partitioning of Mg2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ between (Mg,Fe)O and (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O3 was measured directly for one coexisting pair of inclusions, and inferred for three more coexisting pairs using the experimentally-derived relation between Fe3+/Fe and Al concentration in silicate perovskite (the silicate perovskite grains in these three diamonds were too small to be studied using Mössbauer spectroscopy). Results for Fetotal/Mg fall within the range reported for high-pressure experiments on synthetic samples as well as for other lower mantle inclusions (Fig. 3.3-15), and show a moderate dependence on Al concentration of the perovskite phase. More interesting is the dramatic variation of the Fe3+/Mg partition coefficients between different

Fig. 3.3-15: Fetotal/Mg partition coefficients for (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O3 perovskite (pv) and (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase (fp) as a function of Al concentration in the perovskite phase, showing results from experiments on synthetic samples (Lauterbach et al., this Annual Report; solid circles), inclusions in diamond from São Luiz (McCammon et al., 1997, Science; open diamonds) and this work (solid diamonds). The dotted line is included as a guide for the eye.

samples. One explanation is changes in temperature and/or pressure, since the Fe3+ concentration of (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O3 perovskite is known to be at least temperature dependent at constant pressure (see Annual Report 1999). This raises the possibility of defining the first geothermometer or geobarometer for the lower mantle.

Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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